The island features unique abrasion platforms and sea cliffs as well as sea caves including Hyeongjegul (Cave of Brothers), between Dongdo and Seodo, and Cheonjanggul (Cave of Ceiling) on Dongdo. Strong sea winds and a thin layer of soil make it very hard for trees to grow, but a few hardy plants grow between rocks on Dokdo. More recently, pine and camellia trees were planted on the island, so now you can see beautiful trees and flowers there.

Other changes to the environment made by people over the years include the construction of houses Dokdo Islands are currently equipped with facilities like accommodations for coastal guards and fishermen, helicopter landing pads, a manned lighthouse and a docking area.

The warm and cold currents that meet around the island create rich fishing grounds. A lighthouse constructed in August 1954 watches over Dokdo 24 hours a day.

Dokdo is home to rare indigenous birds such as the fork-tailed storm-petrel, the streaked shearwater, and many wheeling black-tailed gulls. South Korea declared the islands Natural Monument No. 336 in November 1982 to protect the marine life including these endangered birds